Animation

oy Story was completed on a $30 million budget,^[24]and a $20 million advertising budget,^{[citation needed]} using a staff of 110;^[24] in comparison, The Lion King, released in 1994, required a budget of $45 million and a staff of 800.^[24] Lasseter spoke on the challenges of the computer animation in the film: "We had to make things look more organic. Every leaf and blade of grass had to be created. We had to give the world a sense of history. So the doors are banged up, the floors have scuffs."^[15]

The film began with animated storyboards to guide the animators in developing the characters. 27 animators worked on the film, using 400 computer models to animate the characters. Each character was either created out of clay or was first modeled off of a computer-drawn diagram before reaching the computer animated design.^[25] Once the animators had a model, articulation and motion controls were coded, allowing each character to move in a variety of ways, such as talking, walking, or jumping.^[25] Of all of the characters, Woody was the most complex as he required 723 motion controls, including 212 for his face and 58 for his mouth.^[15][26] To sync the actors' voices with the characters, animators spent a week per 8-second frame detailing the characters' mouths and expressions.^[25] After this the animators would compile the scenes, and develop a new storyboard with the computer animated characters. Animators then added shading, lighting, visual effects, and finally used 300 computer processors to render the film to its final design.^[25][26] During post-production, the film was sent to Skywalker Sound where sound effects were mixed with the music score.^[26] In total, the film required 800,000 machine hours and 114,240 frames of animation, with 2–15 hours spent per frame.^[15][27][25]